GEOGRAPHY
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The Indian peninsula is separated from mainland Asia by the Himalayas. The Country is surrounded by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Arabian Sea in the west, and the Indian Ocean to the south.
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Lying entirely in the Northern Hemisphere, the Country extends between 8° 4' and 37° 6' latitudes north of the Equator, and 68°7' and 97°25' longitudes east of it.
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GMT + 05:30 |
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3.3 Million sq km |
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+91 |
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Afghanistan and Pakistan to the north-west; China, Bhutan and Nepal to the north; Myanmar to the east; and Bangladesh to the east of West Bengal. Sri Lanka is separated from India by a narrow channel of sea, formed by Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar.
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7,516.6 km encompassing the mainland, Lakshadweep Islands, and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. |
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The climate of India can broadly be classified as a tropical monsoon one. But, in spite of much of the northern part of India lying beyond the tropical zone, the entire country has a tropical climate marked by relatively high temperatures and dry winters. There are four seasons - winter (December-February), (ii) summer (March-June), (iii) south-west monsoon season (June-September), and (iv) post monsoon season (October- November).
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The mainland comprises of four regions, namely the great mountain zone, plains of the Ganga and the Indus, the desert region, and the southern peninsula.
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Coal, iron ore, manganese ore, mica, bauxite, petroleum, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, magnesite, limestone, arable land, dolomite, barytes, kaolin, gypsum, apatite, phosphorite, steatite, fluorite, etc.
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Monsoon floods, flash floods, earthquakes, droughts, and landslides. |
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Air pollution control, energy conservation, solid waste management, oil and gas conservation, forest conservation, etc.
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Rio Declaration on environment and development, Cartagena Protocol on biosafety, Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on climatic change, World Trade Agreement, Helsinki Protocol to LRTAP on the reduction of sulphur emissions of nitrogen oxides or their transboundary fluxes (Nox Protocol), and Geneva Protocol to LRTAP concerning the control of emissions of volatile organic compounds or their transboundary fluxes (VOCs Protocol).
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India occupies a major portion of the south Asian subcontinent.
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PEOPLE
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India's population, as on 1 March 2001 stood at 1,028 million (532.1 million males and 496.4 million females). |
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The average annual exponential growth rate stands at 1.93 per cent during 1991-2001. |
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The Crude Birth rate according to the 2001 census is 24.8 |
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The Crude Death rate according to the 2001 census is 8.9 |
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63.9 years (Males); 66.9 years (Females) (As of Sep 2005) |
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933 according to the 2001 census |
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Indian |
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All the five major racial types - Australoid, Mongoloid, Europoid, Caucasian, and Negroid find representation among the people of India.
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According to the 2001 census, out of the total population of 1.028 million in the Country, Hindus constituted the majority with 80.5 %, Muslims came second at 13.4%, followed by Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, and others.
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There are 22 National Languages have been recognized by the Constitution of India, of which Hindi is the Official Union Language. Besides these, there are 844 different dialects that are practiced in various parts of the Country.
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According to the provisional results of the 2001 census, the literacy rate in the Country stands at 64.84 per cent, 75.26% for males and 53.67% for females.
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GOVERNMENT
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Republic of India; Bharat Ganrajya |
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Sovereign Socialist Democratic Republic with a Parliamentary system of Government. |
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New Delhi |
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28 States and 7 Union Territories. |
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15th August 1947 (From the British Colonial Rule) |
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The Constitution of India came into force on 26th January 1950. |
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The Constitution of India is the fountain source of the legal system in the Country. |
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The President of India is the Head of the State, while the Prime Minister is the Head of the Government, and runs office with the support of the Council of Ministers who form the Cabinet Ministry.
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The Indian Legislature comprises of the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) forming both the Houses of the Parliament.
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The Supreme Court of India is the apex body of the Indian legal system, followed by other High Courts and subordinate Courts.
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The National Flag is a horizontal tricolour of deep saffron (kesaria) at the top, white in the middle, and dark green at the bottom in equal proportion. At the centre of the white band is a navy blue wheel, which is a representation of the Ashoka Chakra at Sarnath.
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26th January (Republic Day)
15th August (Independence Day)
2nd October (Gandhi Jayanti; Mahatma Gandhi's Birthday) |
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ECONOMY
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Half a Century after gaining its independence, India has overcome all odds and achieved phenomenal standards of economic stability, courtesy the indomitable contributions of various sectors such as agriculture, tourism, commerce, power, communications, science & technology, etc., which have acted as the pillars of the Indian economy. India is today one of the six fastest growing economies of the world. The country is ranked fourth in terms of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) in 2001. The business and regulatory environment is evolving and moving towards constant improvement.
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The second quarter (July-September) of the financial year 2005-06 registers a growth rate of 8 percent. |
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India is the fourth largest economy, with US$ 3 trillion GDP in terms of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) after USA, China, and Japan. |
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As of September 2005, the GDP per capita of the Country stood at US$ 543. |
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Services 56%, Agriculture 22%, and Industry 22% (As of September 2005). |
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According to the Report of the Committee on India Vision: 2020, India’s labour force has reached approximately 375 million in 2002. |
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9.1% (As of Sep 2005) |
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26.10% as on 1999-2000 |
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4.1% as on July 2005. |
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The total Debt as on 31st March 2002 stands at Rs. 1372117.58 crores. |
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Check RBI website for daily exchange rates. |
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Rice, wheat, tea, cotton, sugarcane, potatoes, jute, oilseed, poultry, etc. |
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Steel, garments, petroleum, cement, machinery, locomotive, food processing, pharmaceutical products, mining, etc. |
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Indian Rupee (INR) |
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1st April to 31st March. |
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